The Residential Tenancies Act 1986 (RTA) is the primary legislation governing residential tenancies in New Zealand, establishing the rights and responsibilities of both landlords and tenants. A landlord is the person who grants a tenancy of residential premises [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 2(1)], and a tenant is the person who is granted a tenancy of residential premises [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 2(1)]. A tenancy agreement is the contract between them, outlining the terms and conditions of the tenancy [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 13].
Landlord Responsibilities
Landlords have a range of legal duties to ensure the property is fit for living and the tenant's rights are respected:
- Provide and Maintain Premises: Landlords must provide the premises in a reasonable state of cleanliness and ensure the premises are maintained in a reasonable state of repair during the tenancy [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 45(1)(c), s 45(1)(d)].
- Comply with Building, Health, and Safety Standards: The premises must comply with all requirements in respect of buildings, health, and safety under any enactment so far as they apply to the premises [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 45(1)(a)].
- Healthy Homes Standards: Landlords must ensure their rental properties meet the Healthy Homes Standards which cover specific requirements for heating, insulation, ventilation, moisture ingress and drainage, and draught stopping [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 45(1)(bbb), and the Residential Tenancies (Healthy Homes Standards) Regulations 2019].
- Provide and Maintain Locks: Landlords must provide and maintain locks to ensure the premises are reasonably secure [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 45(1)(b)].
- Not Interfere with Peace and Privacy: A landlord must not interfere with the reasonable peace, comfort, or privacy of the tenant in the use of the premises [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 38].
- Provide a Written Tenancy Agreement: A written tenancy agreement must be provided, detailing key terms such as the names and addresses of the parties, the address of the premises, and the rent amount [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 13].
- Insurance Disclosure: Landlords must provide the tenant with information about any insurance policies covering the premises, including any excess that may be payable in the event of a claim relating to damage to the premises [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 13A].
- Lodge the Bond: If a bond (a security deposit paid by a tenant) is taken, it must be lodged with the Tenancy Services within 23 working days of receipt [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 18(2)].
- Proper Notice for Entry: Landlords must give appropriate notice before entering the premises, generally 24 or 48 hours depending on the reason for entry [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 48].
Tenant Responsibilities
Tenants also have clear obligations under the RTA to ensure the property is cared for and the terms of the tenancy agreement are met:
- Pay Rent On Time: Tenants must pay the rent when it is due [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 40(1)(a)].
- Keep Premises Clean and Tidy: The premises must be kept reasonably clean and tidy [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 40(1)(c)].
- Not Damage Premises: Tenants must not intentionally or carelessly damage the premises or permit any other person to do so [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 40(1)(d)].
- Not Disturb Neighbours: A tenant must not disturb the peace, comfort, or privacy of any neighbour [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 40(1)(b)].
- Use Premises for Residential Purposes: The premises must be used primarily for residential purposes [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 40(1)(f)].
- Notify Landlord of Damage/Repairs: Tenants must notify the landlord of any damage to the premises or any need for repairs as soon as practicable [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 40(1)(g)].
- Leave Premises Clean and Tidy: At the termination of the tenancy, the tenant must leave the premises reasonably clean and tidy, and remove all rubbish and their goods [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 40(1)(e)].
- No Unlawful Acts: A tenant must not use the premises, or permit the premises to be used, for any unlawful purpose [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 40(2)].
- No Unauthorised Alterations or Subletting: Tenants must not make any alterations to the premises or assign or sublet the premises without the landlord's prior written consent [Source: Residential Tenancies Act 1986, s 42(1), s 34(2)].
When to Seek Independent Legal Advice
Individuals who require clarification on their specific rights or obligations, or who are involved in a tenancy dispute, should seek independent legal advice. Information on tenancy matters is available from Tenancy Services, and free legal advice can be accessed through Community Law Centres.